Monday, December 10, 2012

Key Facts -- The Conflict


Key Facts About Kosovo

 

The following points were taken Timeline Kosovo a Project of the BBC News

 


 

 

12th Century:  Kosovo was situated at the heart of the Serbian empire under the Nemanjic Dynasty.  During this period many monasteries and Serbian Orthodox Churches were built.

 

1389:  The Epic Battle of Kosovo heralded 500 years of rule under the Ottoman Empire.  This caused an exodus of Christian Serbs.  Today, Kosovo is a Muslim nation and populated by Albanians.

 

1912:  Balkan Wars – The Serbs regained control of Kosovo from the Turks

 

1918:  Kosovo becomes part of Serbia

 

 

Sitting here as I type this, it is amazing to see how Kosovo seemed to be trapped in the circle of Serbian rule.  Over a period of several hundred years they seemed to function independently from Serbia only to be once again absorbed by Serbia in 1918.  World War II resulted in much of Kosovo being under Albanian rule.  I find it interesting how this relatively small country was constantly on the hunt for being autonomous and independent.  Kosovo was absorbed by the Yugoslav Federation in 1946 and they were given de facto self-government in 1974.  The next three decades saw increasing conflict which became more severe after their autonomy was revoked by Slobodan Milosevic in 1989.

 

1990 July - Ethnic Albanian leaders declare independence from Serbia. Belgrade dissolves the Kosovo government.

 

1990 September - Sacking of more than 100,000 ethnic Albanian workers, including government employees and media workers, prompts general strike.

 

1991 - Slovenia, Croatia and Bosnia break away from Yugoslavia and declare their independence.

 

 

KOSOVO CRISIS

 

 

1992 - War breaks out in the Balkans.

 

1992 July - An academic, Ibrahim Rugova, is elected president of the self-proclaimed republic.

 

1993-97 - Ethnic tension and armed unrest escalate.

 

1998 March-September - Open conflict between Serb police and separatist Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA). Serb forces launch a brutal crackdown. Civilians are driven from their homes.

 

1998 September - NATO gives an ultimatum to President Milosevic to halt the crackdown on Kosovo Albanians.

 

NATO INTERVENTION

 

1999 March - Internationally-brokered peace talks fail. NATO launches air strikes against Yugoslavia lasting 78 days before Belgrade yields. Hundreds of thousands of Kosovo Albanian refugees pour into neighboring countries, telling of massacres and forced expulsions which followed the start of the NATO campaign.

 

1999 June - President Milosevic agrees to withdraw troops from Kosovo. NATO calls off air strikes. The UN sets up a Kosovo Peace Implementation Force (Kfor) and NATO forces arrive in the province. The KLA agrees to disarm. Serb civilians flee revenge attacks.

 

2002 February - Ibrahim Rugova is elected as president by the Kosovan parliament after ethnic Albanian parties reach a power-sharing deal. Bajram Rexhepi becomes prime minister.

 

2003 October - First direct talks between Serbian and Kosovo Albanian leaders since 1999.

 

2003 December - UN sets out conditions for final status talks in 2005.

 

2004 March - 19 people are killed in the worst clashes between Serbs and ethnic Albanians since 1999. The violence started in the divided town of Mitrovica.

 

 

Mitrovica - a flashpoint for inter-ethnic tensions

 

Mitrovica: Symbol of Kosovo's division

 

UN pulls out of Kosovo flashpoint

 

Serbs block Kosovo bridge opening

 

 

2004 October - President Rugova's pro-independence Democratic League tops poll in general election, winning 47 seats in 120-seat parliament. Poll is boycotted by Serbs.

 

2004 December - Parliament re-elects President Rugova and elects former rebel commander Ramush Haradinaj as prime minister. Mr Haradinaj's party had entered into a coalition with the president's Democratic League.

 

2005 February - Serbian President Boris Tadic visits, promises to defend rights of Serbs in Kosovo.

 

2005 March - Mr Haradinaj indicted to face UN war crimes tribunal in The Hague, resigns as prime minister. He is succeeded by Bajram Kosumi.

 

President Rugova unhurt when explosion rocks convoy of vehicles in which he is travelling through Pristina.

 

2005 July - Nearly-simultaneous blasts go off near UN, OSCE and Kosovo parliament buildings in Pristina. No-one is hurt.

 

2005 August - Two Serbs shot dead and two injured when their car is fired at.

 

Former president Ibrahim Rugova fought for independence

 

2006 January - President Rugova dies in Pristina after losing his battle with lung cancer. He is succeeded in February by Fatmir Sejdiu.

 

2006 February - UN-sponsored talks on the future status of Kosovo begin.

 

2006 March - Prime Minister Kosumi resigns following criticism of his performance from within his own party. He is succeeded by former KLA commander Agim Ceku.

 

2006 July - First direct talks since 1999 between ethnic Serbian and Kosovan leaders on future status of Kosovo take place in Vienna.

 

2006 October - Voters in a referendum in Serbia approve a new constitution which declares that Kosovo is an integral part of the country. Kosovo's Albanian majority boycotts the ballot and UN sponsored talks on the future of the disputed province continue.

 

INDEPENDENCE PLAN

 

2007 February - United Nations envoy Martti Ahtisaari unveils a plan to set Kosovo on a path to independence, which is immediately welcomed by Kosovo Albanians and rejected by Serbia.

 

2007 July - US and European Union redraft UN resolution to drop promise of independence at Russian insistence, replacing it with pledge to review situation if there is no breakthrough after four proposed months of talks with Serbia.

 

2007 November - Hashim Thaci emerges as winner in general elections.

 

2008 February - Kosovo declares independence. Serbia says declaration illegal. Europe's major powers and the United States recognize independence.

 

I have given you the key facts of the conflict as so aptly put together by the BBC.  My original thoughts are in red.  This blog is going to be about the issues faced by the people of Kosovo during this time…everyday life.

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